Prototype fast
- A working version before the debate hardens
- Built the GLS planner alone, from data to app, into production
Bhaskar Agarwal, Ph.D. · Bologna, Italy
Data science · Scientific computing · Technical product leadership
I work where science, high-performance computing, AI and product meet. I prototype fast, measure honestly, explain clearly to the people who decide, and scale what works with a team.
Born in India, I left for a master's in the UK and a Ph.D. in Germany. Research took me to more than 10 countries. Along the way I moved from simulating black holes to running AI on supercomputers, then to building products. Italy is home now: Bologna, two rescue dogs (Poldo and Ninja), bouldering and cooking.
The intersection
Click a field to see the skills behind it.
Also volunteer science talks at schools in India and the US, and the "AI with HPC" tutorial series on Towards Data Science.
Peer-reviewed
Articles
01 · AI
A system that watches trusted financial news sources and tracks stories instead of individual articles. It decides whether each new article continues an existing event or starts a new one, and it's designed to alert only when an event materially changes, not on every headline.
Built as a tick-driven loop (Python, SQLite locally) with replay for testing, designed to move to AWS (ECS Fargate, RDS, pgvector).
Service planning needs to know, for every place, whether people need urban, suburban or rural service. Fine hexagons get that right but produce thousands of zones per city. I developed a rule that coarsens an H3 grid only where coarsening loses (almost) no one. The result is a much smaller map that still serves nearly everyone at their level of need.
Service points to reach 99.9% of people (fewer is better)
Methods were fixed before testing on Milan, Madrid and Paris. At 80–90% coverage the results are mixed: another method is sometimes cheaper. Built spec-first: tests for every requirement, data provenance hashes, and a browser engine parity-tested against the Python code.
02 · HPC
At CINECA I advised research and industry teams: scoping AI and data problems, porting and optimising their workloads for NVIDIA GPUs, and training users.
What I did
The ML problem
Hail is recorded at a single point, so I spread labels over space and time to get enough positives, and tuned for the convective months (May, June, September). Deep learning gave no gain over boosted trees, and choosing the right KPI with the stakeholders mattered most.
Validation: leave one month out, then a true hold-out
With colleagues, I traced a bug in a Dask-based all-reduce that made jobs fail when scaling from one GPU to several on an NVIDIA DGX. Fixing it made multi-GPU data processing reliable again.
LIGATE is a EuroHPC drug-discovery project, with CINECA in the consortium, that screens very large libraries of molecules by docking them against protein targets. As a side contribution I showed that dimensionality reduction (PCA) recovers the same subset of candidate molecules that the established linear docking-score equation selects. That makes it a different, faster route to the same shortlist. Individual files ran from tens of gigabytes to terabytes, far too large for memory, so I read them from disk in parallel and benchmarked the approach across systems, including a DGX.
Magnetic reconnection, where field lines in Earth's magnetosphere snap and reconnect, is rare and hard to spot in spacecraft data. I trained models on plasma simulations, where reconnection is labelled, and tested them on real data from NASA's four-spacecraft Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. To make that transfer possible, I put both data sets on a common footing: resampled to the same resolution (0.05 di) and each trajectory standardised against itself.
KPI I defined: flagged share must be higher in reconnection trajectories
ORCHESTRA analysed SARS-CoV-2 patient cohorts across Europe, where GDPR often prevents records from leaving a country. I co-developed the federated infrastructure and built a small statistical package for federated analysis. It computes each analysis locally at every national hub and combines only the aggregates centrally, so individual records never move.
I taught the Master's in Data Science course at Bologna Business School and ran training on ML and distributed computing for HPC users. In 2024–25 I evaluated European HPC/AI innovation proposals for Fortissimo Plus.
"AI with HPC" series, Towards Data Science, 2022: 1. Parallel data processing · 2. Multi-GPU training with Horovod
03 · Product
| Product | Domain | My role | Stage | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Network plannerGLS | Parcel logistics | Built it solo, then product owner and lead of 6 | production | −20% cost, 7 countries |
| Demand forecastingGLS | Parcel logistics | Technical lead | production | <5% MAPE, €0.5–1M/yr |
| ScenZeroco-founded | Decarbonisation, SMEs | Co-founder & CTPO | live demo | One model, assembled per client |
| LocationAIOmegaLambdaTec | Geomarketing | Method design, agentic simulation lead | funded R&D | Bavarian-funded, with WIGeoGIS |
| GrydNovaOmegaLambdaTec | Electricity grids | Architecture, roadmap, validation | in market | Used by German grid operators |
| SimLuminaOmegaLambdaTec | Engineering simulation | Architecture, roadmap | R&D | Agentic simulation workflows |
| TerrAIOmegaLambdaTec | Earth observation | Architecture, roadmap | R&D | Satellite data to decisions |
Where should a parcel carrier put its pick-up shops and lockers in each city, and how many does it really need? I built the answer from zero, on my own: the data pipelines, the demand model, the optimiser that sets each city's network against coverage targets, and the planning app on top. Once it was in production, scaling it across Europe needed a team. I then led six people to deploy it in seven countries.
Stack: Python, H3, OpenStreetMap and socio-economic data, mathematical optimisation, a Dash planning app and an Azure Functions API.
Forecasting models in production, with the pipeline re-engineered so a computation that took months now runs in minutes. That turned forecasting from a one-off study into something planners can re-run. As technical lead for GLS's EU AI Hubs, I defined best practices and prototyped solutions for adoption at country level.
ScenZero lets manufacturing SMEs plan decarbonisation as a dynamic system instead of a static spreadsheet. As co-founder and CTPO, I owned product and technology.
I lead a team of data scientists and software engineers across four products (see the table above). My job is to turn research into something a partner can use and pay for.
Rooftop solar, EV charging and heat pumps are putting pressure on low- and medium-voltage grids. GrydNova helps German grid operators decide where and when to reinforce. I provide the product and technical leadership: architecture, roadmap and validation criteria.
Used by grid operators including
A live knowledge graph of OmegaLambdaTec's intellectual property, generated directly from its code repositories.
Earlier at OmegaLambdaTec: a linear-programming energy-management system built from first principles with a German university, and a day-ahead gas-price forecast that placed on the podium in the Ruhr Challenge 2018.
“Communicate like a billboard, not a thesis.”
From my two-part series on moving from data scientist to product owner: 5 lessons from becoming a tech lead · 5 lessons from managing a cross-functional team
04 · Astrophysics
Billion-solar-mass black holes existed less than a billion years after the Big Bang, which is too early to have grown from dead stars. I modelled a faster route, direct collapse, and described the overmassive black-hole galaxy phase that follows. JWST and Chandra found a candidate in 2023, and the discovery papers cite my work.
The problem: the largest early black holes are too massive, too early, to have grown from ordinary stellar remnants.
A halo of 107–108 M☉ holds pristine, metal-free gas. Normally, molecular hydrogen (H₂) lets this gas cool and fragment into stars.
My contribution: I showed that the radiation from a nearby galaxy matters more than the cosmic average. In simulations, the host halos sit within ~15 kpc of a young galaxy. The critical radiation strength is not one fixed number: it spans ~0.5–10³ depending on that galaxy's stars. 2012 · 2014 · 2016
Without H₂ the gas cannot fragment and collapses into a single seed of 104–106 M☉. Our 2012 model predicted such seeds are common between redshift 6 and 16. I also argued that the bright source CR7 could be one. 2012 · CR7, 2016
When the seed merges with its neighbour, there's a short phase where the black hole outweighs the galaxy's stars. In 2013 I described this phase and its observable signatures, and later co-authored predictions for JWST. The 2023 discovery papers on UHZ1 cite this work. 2013 · 2017
Selected papers
Cited and covered
For the full history, download the CV. To get in touch, message me on LinkedIn.